Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor() returns a single property descriptor, while Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors() returns all descriptors: 1) getOwnPropertyDescriptor() accepts an object and a property name, returning that specific descriptor, 2) getOwnPropertyDescriptors() accepts an object and returns an object containing all property descriptors, 3) The plural version is more efficient when you need to examine multiple properties, 4) It's particularly useful for cloning objects with all their property attributes, 5) The return format is compatible with Object.defineProperties(), 6) This method was added later to JavaScript to simplify working with multiple descriptors, 7) It's commonly used in object utilities and for implementing proper object cloning.