ES6 Classes & Constructors

What design pattern is being implemented here?

class Vehicle {
  constructor() {
    if (new.target === Vehicle) {
      throw new Error('Cannot instantiate abstract class');
    }
  }
  
  drive() {
    throw new Error('Method must be implemented');
  }
}

Singleton pattern
Factory pattern
Abstract class pattern
This implements an abstract class pattern: 1) The class cannot be directly instantiated (throws an error if attempted), 2) It uses new.target to detect if it's being directly instantiated, 3) It defines a method that derived classes must implement, 4) It serves as a template for other classes, 5) It enforces a certain structure on derived classes, 6) JavaScript doesn't have built-in abstract class syntax, so this is a common pattern to simulate them.
Decorator pattern

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