Binary search is the most efficient method for finding a specific item in a large sorted array, with a time complexity of O(log n). This is significantly faster than the linear search methods (find(), indexOf(), includes()) which all have O(n) time complexity as they must potentially examine every element in the array. Binary search works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half, making it extremely efficient for large datasets. However, it requires that the array is already sorted and is most beneficial for large arrays; for small arrays, the simpler linear methods may be more practical due to their lower overhead.