The value of Boolean(Boolean(false)) is false. The inner Boolean(false) function call evaluates to the boolean value false. Then, the outer Boolean function receives this false value and returns false again. This is different from Boolean(new Boolean(false)), which would return true because new Boolean(false) creates a Boolean object (which is truthy), not a primitive boolean value. The Boolean() function without the new keyword is a simple type conversion function that returns the boolean equivalent of its argument, maintaining the truthiness/falsiness of primitive values.