Error Handling in Async Code

class RateLimiter {
  constructor(maxAttempts, timeWindow) {
    this.attempts = new Map();
    this.maxAttempts = maxAttempts;
    this.timeWindow = timeWindow;
  }

  async handle(operation, key) {
    const now = Date.now();
    const attempts = this.attempts.get(key) || [];
    const recentAttempts = attempts.filter(time => now - time < this.timeWindow);

    if (recentAttempts.length >= this.maxAttempts) {
      throw new Error(`Rate limit exceeded for ${key}`);
    }

    recentAttempts.push(now);
    this.attempts.set(key, recentAttempts);

    try {
      return await operation();
    } catch (error) {
      if (error.status === 429) { // Too Many Requests
        throw new Error(`Service rate limit exceeded for ${key}`);
      }
      throw error;
    }
  }
}