Memory Management & Garbage Collection

Using class syntax with proper prototype methods is generally most memory-efficient: 1) Class methods are defined once on the prototype, shared across all instances, 2) Each instance only stores its own unique property values, not methods, 3) This reduces memory overhead compared to methods created in constructors, 4) Object literals and constructor functions that define methods inside create new function objects for each instance, 5) Object.create(null) creates objects without prototype methods, which can be efficient but lacks built-in object methods, 6) Prototype-based method sharing is particularly important when creating many instances, 7) Modern JavaScript engines optimize class and prototype patterns well, 8) This approach follows the principle of sharing immutable functionality while keeping instance-specific state separate.