JavaScript Modules (import/export)

ES modules handle circular dependencies through automatic runtime resolution: 1) Modules involved in a circular dependency are partially initialized when first encountered, 2) The module system ensures each module is only evaluated once, 3) Exports are live bindings, allowing circular references to work correctly, 4) The module system tracks module initialization state to prevent infinite loops, 5) While circular dependencies are supported, they should generally be avoided for better code structure, 6) Understanding the initialization order is crucial when dealing with circular dependencies, 7) This behavior is more sophisticated than CommonJS's handling of circular dependencies.